Senin, 13 Oktober 2008
Minggu, 12 Oktober 2008
Switch Bill of Lading
Switch Bill of Lading is usually used in "Cross Trade" or "Triangle" shipments.
Cross trade involved more than just the seller & buyer and since there are 3 or more parties involved in the transaction, the agent(B) or the middle man may not want the seller(A) or the buyer(C) to know each other, in order to protect his own interest. Hence, the switch B/L.
Seller (A) in China
Agent (B) in Singapore
Buyer (C) in USA
Example of Switch B/L:
Shipment can still ship direct from China to USA or via Singapore(or other country)
1st sector B/L
Shipper: A manufacturer
Consignee: B Agency
Notify Party: B Agency
Port of Loading : China
Port of Discharge : Singapore
Final Destination : Singapore
Cargo description would be unchanged!
2nd sector B/L
Shipper: B Agency
Consignee: C Buying House
Notify Party: C Buying House
Port of Loading : Singapore
Port of Discharge : USA
Final Destination : USA
Cargo description would be unchanged!
This is the simplest switch B/L, and there are a lot more complicated ones.
It depend very much on the need of the parties involved.
However, the origin of the goods has to be declared as China! NOT Singapore.
Cross trade involved more than just the seller & buyer and since there are 3 or more parties involved in the transaction, the agent(B) or the middle man may not want the seller(A) or the buyer(C) to know each other, in order to protect his own interest. Hence, the switch B/L.
Seller (A) in China
Agent (B) in Singapore
Buyer (C) in USA
Example of Switch B/L:
Shipment can still ship direct from China to USA or via Singapore(or other country)
1st sector B/L
Shipper: A manufacturer
Consignee: B Agency
Notify Party: B Agency
Port of Loading : China
Port of Discharge : Singapore
Final Destination : Singapore
Cargo description would be unchanged!
2nd sector B/L
Shipper: B Agency
Consignee: C Buying House
Notify Party: C Buying House
Port of Loading : Singapore
Port of Discharge : USA
Final Destination : USA
Cargo description would be unchanged!
This is the simplest switch B/L, and there are a lot more complicated ones.
It depend very much on the need of the parties involved.
However, the origin of the goods has to be declared as China! NOT Singapore.
Rabu, 08 Oktober 2008
Freight Term
** Free on Board (F.O.B) means the goods will be placed in a mode of transport without any loading cost and free of any encumbrances.
F.O.B. Destination Point or F.O.B. Origin or Shipping Point
- Destination -- Title or ownership passes to the buyer when the carrier delivers the goods to the delivery point specified by the buyer.
Freight Prepaid & Charged -- Vendor pays the freight and in turn bills the buyer
Freight Collect -- Upon delivery, the buyer is billed by or pays the carrier for freight
** Cost, Insurance and Freight (C.I.F)
A trade term requiring the seller to arrange for the carriage of goods by sea to a port of destination, and provide the buyer with the documents necessary to obtain the goods from the carrier.
Contracts involving international transportation often contain abbreviated trade terms that describe matters such as the time and place of delivery, payment, when the risk of loss shifts from the seller to the buyer and who pays the costs of freight and insurance. The most commonly known trade terms are Incoterms, published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). These are often identical in form to domestic terms (such as the American Uniform Commercial Code), but have different meanings. As a result, parties to a contract must expressly indicate the governing law of their terms.
It's important to realize that because this is a legal term, its exact definition is much more complicated and differs by country. Contact an international trade lawyer before using any trade term.
** Cost and Freight (C.F.R)
A trade term requiring the seller to arrange for the carriage of goods by sea to a port of destination, and provide the buyer with the documents necessary to obtain the goods from the carrier. Under CFR, the seller does not have to procure marine insurance against the risk of loss or damage to the goods during transit.
Contracts involving international transportation often contain abbreviated trade terms that describe matters such as the time and place of delivery, payment when the risk of loss shifts from the seller to the buyer, and who pays the costs of freight and insurance.
The most commonly known trade terms are Incoterms, which are published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). These are often identical in form to domestic terms (such as the American Uniform Commercial Code), but have different meanings. As a result, parties to a contract must expressly indicate the governing law of their terms.
It's important to realize that because this is a legal term, its exact definition is much more complicated and differs by country. It is suggested that you contact an international trade lawyer before using any trade term.
** Ex Works (E.X.W)
A trade term requiring the seller to deliver goods at his or her own place of business. All other transportation costs and risks are assumed by the buyer.
Contracts involving international transportation often contain abbreviated trade terms that outline matters such as the time and place of delivery and payment, the time when the risk of loss shifts from the seller to the buyer, and the party who pays the costs of freight and insurance.
The most commonly known trade terms are Incoterms, which are published by the International Chamber of Commerce. These are often identical in form to domestic terms, such as the American Uniform Commercial Code, but have different meanings. As a result, parties to a contract must expressly indicate the governing law of their terms.
It's important to realize that because this is a legal term, its exact definition is complicated and differs by country. It is suggested that you contact an international trade lawyer before using any trade term.
** Free Alongside (F.A.S)
A trade term requiring the seller to deliver goods to a named port alongside a vessel designated by the buyer. "Alongside" means that the goods are within reach of a ship's lifting tackle.
When used in trade terms, the word "free" means the seller has an obligation to deliver goods to a named place for transfer to a carrier.
Contracts involving international transportation often contain abbreviated trade terms that describe matters such as the time and place of delivery and payment, when the risk of loss shifts from the seller to the buyer, and who pays the costs of freight and insurance.
The most commonly known trade terms are Incoterms, which are published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). These are often identical in form to domestic terms, such as the American Uniform Commercial Code, but have different meanings. As a result, parties to a contract must expressly indicate the governing law of their terms.
It's important to realize that because this is a legal term, its exact definition is much more complicated and differs by country. It is suggested that you contact an international trade lawyer before using any trade term.
** Free Carrier (F.C.A)
A trade term requiring the seller to deliver goods to a named airport, terminal, or other place where the carrier operates. Costs for transportation and risk of loss transfer to the buyer after delivery to the carrier.
When used in trade terms, the word "free" means the seller has an obligation to deliver goods to a named place for transfer to a carrier.
Contracts involving international transportation often contain abbreviated trade terms that describe matters such as the time and place of delivery and payment, when the risk of loss shifts from the seller to the buyer, and who pays the costs of freight and insurance.
The most commonly known trade terms are Incoterms, which are published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). These are often identical in form to domestic terms, such as the American Uniform Commercial Code, but have different meanings. As a result, parties to a contract must expressly indicate the governing law of their terms.
It's important to realize that because this is a legal term, its exact definition is much more complicated and differs by country. It is recommened that you contact an international trade lawyer before using any trade term.
F.O.B. Destination Point or F.O.B. Origin or Shipping Point
- Destination -- Title or ownership passes to the buyer when the carrier delivers the goods to the delivery point specified by the buyer.
- Origin -- Title or ownership passes to the buyer at the shipping point when the carrier accepts the goods for transport. The shipping point is usually the vendor's factory or warehouse.
Establishing ownership will fix responsibility for the goods and is important in handling claims that may result from accidents occuring before, during or after transport.After ownership is established, the last section of the freight term establishes payment terms.
Freight Prepaid & Allowed -- Vendor pays the freight and buyer will not be billedFreight Prepaid & Charged -- Vendor pays the freight and in turn bills the buyer
Freight Collect -- Upon delivery, the buyer is billed by or pays the carrier for freight
** Cost, Insurance and Freight (C.I.F)
A trade term requiring the seller to arrange for the carriage of goods by sea to a port of destination, and provide the buyer with the documents necessary to obtain the goods from the carrier.
Contracts involving international transportation often contain abbreviated trade terms that describe matters such as the time and place of delivery, payment, when the risk of loss shifts from the seller to the buyer and who pays the costs of freight and insurance. The most commonly known trade terms are Incoterms, published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). These are often identical in form to domestic terms (such as the American Uniform Commercial Code), but have different meanings. As a result, parties to a contract must expressly indicate the governing law of their terms.
It's important to realize that because this is a legal term, its exact definition is much more complicated and differs by country. Contact an international trade lawyer before using any trade term.
** Cost and Freight (C.F.R)
A trade term requiring the seller to arrange for the carriage of goods by sea to a port of destination, and provide the buyer with the documents necessary to obtain the goods from the carrier. Under CFR, the seller does not have to procure marine insurance against the risk of loss or damage to the goods during transit.
Contracts involving international transportation often contain abbreviated trade terms that describe matters such as the time and place of delivery, payment when the risk of loss shifts from the seller to the buyer, and who pays the costs of freight and insurance.
The most commonly known trade terms are Incoterms, which are published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). These are often identical in form to domestic terms (such as the American Uniform Commercial Code), but have different meanings. As a result, parties to a contract must expressly indicate the governing law of their terms.
It's important to realize that because this is a legal term, its exact definition is much more complicated and differs by country. It is suggested that you contact an international trade lawyer before using any trade term.
** Ex Works (E.X.W)
A trade term requiring the seller to deliver goods at his or her own place of business. All other transportation costs and risks are assumed by the buyer.
Contracts involving international transportation often contain abbreviated trade terms that outline matters such as the time and place of delivery and payment, the time when the risk of loss shifts from the seller to the buyer, and the party who pays the costs of freight and insurance.
The most commonly known trade terms are Incoterms, which are published by the International Chamber of Commerce. These are often identical in form to domestic terms, such as the American Uniform Commercial Code, but have different meanings. As a result, parties to a contract must expressly indicate the governing law of their terms.
It's important to realize that because this is a legal term, its exact definition is complicated and differs by country. It is suggested that you contact an international trade lawyer before using any trade term.
** Free Alongside (F.A.S)
A trade term requiring the seller to deliver goods to a named port alongside a vessel designated by the buyer. "Alongside" means that the goods are within reach of a ship's lifting tackle.
When used in trade terms, the word "free" means the seller has an obligation to deliver goods to a named place for transfer to a carrier.
Contracts involving international transportation often contain abbreviated trade terms that describe matters such as the time and place of delivery and payment, when the risk of loss shifts from the seller to the buyer, and who pays the costs of freight and insurance.
The most commonly known trade terms are Incoterms, which are published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). These are often identical in form to domestic terms, such as the American Uniform Commercial Code, but have different meanings. As a result, parties to a contract must expressly indicate the governing law of their terms.
It's important to realize that because this is a legal term, its exact definition is much more complicated and differs by country. It is suggested that you contact an international trade lawyer before using any trade term.
** Free Carrier (F.C.A)
A trade term requiring the seller to deliver goods to a named airport, terminal, or other place where the carrier operates. Costs for transportation and risk of loss transfer to the buyer after delivery to the carrier.
When used in trade terms, the word "free" means the seller has an obligation to deliver goods to a named place for transfer to a carrier.
Contracts involving international transportation often contain abbreviated trade terms that describe matters such as the time and place of delivery and payment, when the risk of loss shifts from the seller to the buyer, and who pays the costs of freight and insurance.
The most commonly known trade terms are Incoterms, which are published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). These are often identical in form to domestic terms, such as the American Uniform Commercial Code, but have different meanings. As a result, parties to a contract must expressly indicate the governing law of their terms.
It's important to realize that because this is a legal term, its exact definition is much more complicated and differs by country. It is recommened that you contact an international trade lawyer before using any trade term.
Perbedaan Shipping line & Forwarder
Pada kesempatan kali ini, saya ingin membagi cerita tentang perbedaan antara Perusahaan pelayaran dengan Forwarder.
Shipping Line adalah perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang jasa pengangkutan laut, dimana mempunyai dan mengoperasikan kapal nya sendiri atau pun secara konsorsium.
Forwarder adalah perusahaan penengah antara shipping line dengan direct customer.
Hal yang membedakan shipping line dan forwarder:
- Dari segi service:
Shipping line hanya menyediakan jasa port to port (CY-CY) artinya kewajiban dari pelayaran hanyalah mengangkut cargo dari satu pelabuhan ke pelabuhan lain saja, sedangkan Forwarder dapat menyediakan jasa Door - Door service, artinya Forwarder bisa menyediakan full service untuk si customer, termasuk di sana pengangkutan darat menggunakan truck container dari gudang/pabrik ke pelabuhan origin sampai ke pabrik/gudang si pembeli di luar negri. Service ini dapat di laksanakan tentunya bila pihak Forwarder memiliki jalinan kerja sama dengan agen di luar negri.
- Dari segi pembayaran:
Umumnya pihak Shipping Line agak kurang flexible dalam hal pembayaran, dimana biasa nya pelayaran menggunakan sistem cash against document, sedangkan di Forwarder biasanya mereka lebih cenderung flexible, dimana mereka dapat memberikan credit term kepada customer.
- Dari segi value added service:
Umunya pelayaran mengharuskan customer untuk mengambil dokumen (Bill of Ladding) di kantor pelayaran, sedangkan pihak Forwarder biasanya memberikan value added dengan mengantarkan dokumen ke kantor customer.
Illustrasi:
Shipping line dapat di illustrasikan sebagai perusahaan penerbangan seperti Garud* Indonesia, dan Forwarder dapat di asumsikan sebagai para travel agent yang menjual tiket pesawat terbang.
Shipping Line adalah perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang jasa pengangkutan laut, dimana mempunyai dan mengoperasikan kapal nya sendiri atau pun secara konsorsium.
Forwarder adalah perusahaan penengah antara shipping line dengan direct customer.
Hal yang membedakan shipping line dan forwarder:
- Dari segi service:
Shipping line hanya menyediakan jasa port to port (CY-CY) artinya kewajiban dari pelayaran hanyalah mengangkut cargo dari satu pelabuhan ke pelabuhan lain saja, sedangkan Forwarder dapat menyediakan jasa Door - Door service, artinya Forwarder bisa menyediakan full service untuk si customer, termasuk di sana pengangkutan darat menggunakan truck container dari gudang/pabrik ke pelabuhan origin sampai ke pabrik/gudang si pembeli di luar negri. Service ini dapat di laksanakan tentunya bila pihak Forwarder memiliki jalinan kerja sama dengan agen di luar negri.
- Dari segi pembayaran:
Umumnya pihak Shipping Line agak kurang flexible dalam hal pembayaran, dimana biasa nya pelayaran menggunakan sistem cash against document, sedangkan di Forwarder biasanya mereka lebih cenderung flexible, dimana mereka dapat memberikan credit term kepada customer.
- Dari segi value added service:
Umunya pelayaran mengharuskan customer untuk mengambil dokumen (Bill of Ladding) di kantor pelayaran, sedangkan pihak Forwarder biasanya memberikan value added dengan mengantarkan dokumen ke kantor customer.
Illustrasi:
Shipping line dapat di illustrasikan sebagai perusahaan penerbangan seperti Garud* Indonesia, dan Forwarder dapat di asumsikan sebagai para travel agent yang menjual tiket pesawat terbang.
Types of Container
There are some kinds and types of container. If we sort them by size, there are what we call 20 ft, 40 ft , 40 High cube and 45 High cube.
By usage, there is General Purpose container (Dry container), usually used for non-frozen foods, moulding, wood, plastic, etc. Second, we have Reefer container in which is usually used for frozen foods like shrimps, fish, chocolate, milk, etc. Flat rack container shown in picture below, this container is usually used for heavy and big machine. Last we have Open-top container, this container has no ceiling, this is usually used for machine and glass product.
By rwyn_p at 2008-09-10
By usage, there is General Purpose container (Dry container), usually used for non-frozen foods, moulding, wood, plastic, etc. Second, we have Reefer container in which is usually used for frozen foods like shrimps, fish, chocolate, milk, etc. Flat rack container shown in picture below, this container is usually used for heavy and big machine. Last we have Open-top container, this container has no ceiling, this is usually used for machine and glass product.
By rwyn_p at 2008-09-10
Types of Bill of Lading
By rwyn_p at 2008-10-12
By rwyn_p at 2008-10-12
A bill of lading (sometimes referred to as a BOL or B/L) is a document issued by a carrier, e.g. a ship's master or by a company's shipping department, acknowledging that specified goods have been received on board as cargo for conveyance to a named place for delivery to the consignee who is usually identified. A through bill of lading involves the use of at least two different modes of transport from road, rail, air, and sea. The term derives from the noun "bill", a schedule of costs for services supplied or to be supplied, and from the verb "to lade" which means to load a cargo onto a ship or other form of transport.
Main types of bill
- Straight bill of lading
This bill states that the goods are consigned to a specified person and it is not negotiable free from existing equities, i.e. any endorsee acquires no better rights than those held by the endorsor. So, for example, if the carrier or another holds a lien over the goods as security for unpaid debts, the endorsee is bound by the lien. Although, if the endorsor wrongfully failed to disclose the charge, the endorsee will have a right to claim damages for failing to transfer an unencumbered title.
Also known as a non-negotiable bill of lading.
- Order bill of lading
This bill uses express words to make the bill negotiable, e.g. it states that delivery is to be made to the further order of the consignee using words such as "delivery to A Ltd. or to order or assigns". Consequently, it can be endorsed by A Ltd. or the right to take delivery can be transferred by physical delivery of the bill accompanied by adequate evidence of A Ltd.'s intention to transfer.
Also known as a negotiable bill of lading.
- Bearer bill of lading
This bill states that delivery shall be made to whosoever holds the bill. Such bill may be created explicitly or it is an order bill that fails to nominate the consignee whether in its original form or through an endorsement in blank. A bearer bill can be negotiated by physical delivery.
- Surrender bill of lading
Under a term import documentary credit the bank releases the documents on receipt from the negotiating bank but the importer does not pay the bank until the maturity of the draft under the relative credit. This direct liability is called Surrender Bill of Lading (SBL), i.e. when we hand over the bill of lading we surrender title to the goods and our power of sale over the goods.
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